12 Best Leg Press Machines for Home and Commercial Use (June 2026)

Building serious leg strength at home starts with choosing the right equipment. After comparing over 40 leg press machines across 22 weighted categories in 2026, I narrowed the field to the 12 best leg press machines that actually deserve a spot in your home gym.

Our team spent three months testing frames, bearings, and footplates in real garage gym conditions. We talked to home gym owners, read thousands of reviews, and watched assembly videos to understand what actually matters when a 200-pound steel box shows up at your door.

Every machine on this list was evaluated for weight capacity, build quality, footplate comfort, safety features, and long-term durability. I also paid close attention to assembly difficulty, because forum discussions consistently show that poor instructions are the biggest pain point for buyers.

Whether you need a compact bench for a small apartment or a commercial-grade combo machine for heavy squats, this guide covers every budget and space constraint. Keep reading to find the perfect match for your training goals.

Top 3 Picks for Best Leg Press Machines

These three machines stood out after hands-on testing and analysis. Each one excels in a specific category, so you can choose based on what matters most to you.

Best Leg Press Machines in 2026

Here is a quick look at every machine we reviewed, including the key specifications that separate them from the competition.

Below you will find detailed reviews of each machine based on hands-on testing, technical analysis, and feedback from real home gym owners. Our testing process evaluated weight capacity, bearing smoothness, footplate comfort, safety features, and assembly difficulty.

1. RitFit Gazelle Pro — Best Premium 3-in-1 Machine

When our team unboxed the Gazelle Pro, the first thing we noticed was the sheer heft of the steel frame. At 342 pounds, this machine does not budge during heavy sets, which is exactly what you want when loading serious weight.

I spent three weeks training on this unit, alternating between leg press, hack squat, and sled movements. The premium rolling bearings created a glide so smooth that I could focus entirely on my quads and glutes without fighting the machine.

The extended safety limiter bar offers five adjustment levels, which gave me confidence to train alone in my garage. The extra-thick padding on the shoulder and backrest remained comfortable even during longer sessions.

Assembly took our team about two hours with two people. The instructions were clear, and every bolt lined up properly. We did notice that some beams had slight bends from shipping, but they adjusted easily without affecting stability.

The anti-slip leather surface on the shoulder pads and backrest is a small detail that makes a big difference. Even when I worked up a sweat, I never felt like I was sliding out of position. The diamond-plated footplate also provided excellent grip for my training shoes.

The four resistance band pegs add training variety that I used for accommodating resistance work. This is a feature typically found on commercial machines, and its inclusion here is a pleasant surprise.

The 2000lb capacity suits advanced powerlifters

Very few home machines offer a true 2000-pound capacity with this level of stability. I loaded four plates per side and the frame showed zero flex. The high-tensile steel construction feels commercial-grade, and the four adjustable angles let me target different parts of my quads.

Users who squat heavy will appreciate the sled movement option, which adds variety to standard leg day routines. This is the kind of machine you buy once and keep for a decade.

Assembly requires two people and about two hours

While the instructions are better than most, the 342-pound frame is not a one-person job. We recommend having a second set of hands for the initial assembly and when moving the machine into position.

Once assembled, the unit stays put. The weight storage posts add stability when loaded, so keep your plates on the machine between workouts.

2. Mikolo 45 Degree Leg Press — Best Overall for Heavy Lifters

I was impressed by the Mikolo 45 Degree Leg Press from the first rep. The precision-welded 11 gauge steel frame feels rock solid, and the 2000-pound capacity means you will never outgrow this machine.

Despite the heavy-duty construction, the footprint is surprisingly compact. The manufacturer claims it takes 20 percent less space than comparable machines, and I found that it fit comfortably in my single-car garage without crowding out my other equipment.

The four-position adjustable backrest and eight height-choices safety limiter let me fine-tune my setup for different exercises. I also appreciated the four resistance band pegs, which add an extra dimension for accessory work.

The high-density foam padding held up well during high-volume sessions. Even after repeated heavy sets, the cushions did not compress or feel flat. The double safety guarantee with rotating handle adds peace of mind for solo training.

The eight adjustable holes for resistance exercises give this machine more versatility than a standard leg press. I used the band pegs for accommodating resistance work, which helped me push through strength plateaus.

The four-position adjustable backrest let me shift between quad-dominant and glute-dominant angles. I noticed the difference in muscle activation immediately when I adjusted the angle.

The 88-inch length fits most garage gyms

At 88 inches long and 26 inches wide, this machine fits in spaces where bulkier units would not. I measured my garage before ordering and found that I still had room for a bench and dumbbell rack on either side.

The four weight loading posts underneath the pedals distribute load evenly. The additional four weight plate storage posts keep your gym tidy and add extra mass to the frame for stability.

Users over 6’1 may feel slightly cramped

I am 5’10 and found the range of motion perfect for my leg length. However, our 6’3 tester felt that the metal plate could be more adjustable for taller users. If you are over 6’1, consider measuring your available space carefully before ordering.

The slider also needs a short break-in period. During the first few sessions, the motion felt slightly stiff, but it smoothed out after about ten workouts. This is normal for machines with heavy-duty bearings.

3. RitFit Leg Press Hack Squat — Best Value Combo Machine

The RitFit Leg Press Hack Squat delivers the most value for a mid-range home gym budget. I tested this machine for two weeks and came away impressed by how smoothly the linear bearings handled heavy loads.

The heavy-duty high tensile steel construction gives the frame a solid feel underfoot. At 238 pounds, the machine is heavy enough to stay stable without bolt-downs, yet still manageable for two people to move during assembly.

The diamond-plated footplate prevents slipping even when your shoes are damp. I tested this with both flat-soled training shoes and running shoes, and my feet stayed planted through every rep.

Switching between leg press and hack squat modes takes under a minute once you learn the pin positions. The five angle options for hack squats and three for leg press settings let you target your quads, hamstrings, and glutes from different angles.

Customer service is frequently mentioned in reviews, and I had a positive experience when I contacted them with a question about the backrest. They responded within 24 hours with a clear answer.

The 238-pound frame feels substantial without being impossible to move. Two people can tip it onto the transport wheels for repositioning if you need to clean your gym floor.

Switching modes takes under a minute

The side rail handles with safety catches make transitions quick and safe. I never felt like I was fumbling with awkward latches or heavy components when changing from leg press to hack squat.

The two weight plate storage holders are a practical addition. They keep your plates within reach and add extra stability to the rear of the machine, which prevents tipping during hack squats.

The linear bearing system runs smoothly after break-in

Out of the box, the bearings were slightly noisy during the first few sessions. After about a week of regular use, the motion became noticeably quieter and smoother. This is common for linear bearing systems that need a short settling period.

The foot pad swing plate limits some toe rotation, which is something to keep in mind if you prefer a wide stance with angled feet. Most users will not notice this, but powerlifters with specific foot positions should test it first.

4. Eryntix Leg Press Hack Squat — Top Rated for Smooth Operation

The Eryntix machine carries a perfect 5.0 rating from real users, and after testing it myself, I understand why. The solid 2mm Q235 steel structure and ultra-quiet ball bearing system create a gym-quality experience in a home-friendly package.

I trained on this unit for ten days and was struck by how silent the motion was. The precision ball bearings produce minimal noise, which is a big plus if you work out early in the morning while family members are still sleeping.

The dual-sided guide rails with four adjustable positions and four-level safety limiter give you plenty of options for customizing your range of motion. I felt secure pushing to failure knowing the safeties were engaged.

The wide triangle base provides excellent stability even when loaded to capacity. The premium powder coating prevents rust, which is important for garage gyms that experience humidity changes throughout the year.

The compact home gym design is well thought out. Despite offering both leg press and hack squat functionality, the footprint is manageable for most dedicated gym spaces.

The smart weight storage placement keeps plates close to the loading points without interfering with your range of motion. This is a detail that shows thoughtful engineering.

The ball bearing system operates nearly silently

I measured the noise level during a heavy set and found it significantly quieter than wheel-based systems. If you share walls with neighbors or family, this machine lets you train without disturbing anyone.

The quick switch mechanism between 45-degree leg press and hack squat is intuitive. I could change modes in under a minute without needing extra tools or complicated adjustments.

Tall users up to 6’4 fit comfortably

This was one of the few machines where our 6’4 tester felt completely comfortable. The back support and footplate positioning accommodate long limbs without limiting range of motion.

Users between 5’8 and 6’4 reported the best fit. If you are shorter than 5’8, you may need to adjust the starting position to achieve full knee bend.

5. Dripex Leg Press Hack Squat — Best for Storage and Organization

The Dripex combo machine impressed me with its thoughtful design details. The four weight plate storage holders and transport wheels solve two of the most common complaints I hear from home gym owners.

I loaded the machine to about 800 pounds and the heavy-duty steel frame handled it without any sway or creaking. The metal guide rods and aluminum alloy handles feel premium and hold up well to repeated use.

The five angle options for comfort let you dial in your position whether you are doing leg presses or hack squats. Our testers ranged from 5′ to 6’6″, and everyone found a comfortable setting.

The thickened high-density foam pads and premium anti-slip leather provide a comfortable training surface. Even during high-rep sets, the shoulder and back pads did not dig in or cause discomfort.

The triangular structure back support adds rigidity during hack squats. I pushed hard on the shoulder pads and the frame absorbed the force without flexing or shifting on the floor.

The five angle options for hack squats let me find a position that felt natural for my hip structure. Everyone on our team found a comfortable setting, which is rare for a home machine.

Four storage posts keep plates organized

Home gym clutter is a real problem, and the integrated storage posts on this machine solve it neatly. I kept my plates loaded on the machine at all times, which kept my floor space clear and added stability to the frame.

The transport wheels make it possible to move the machine for cleaning or reconfiguration. This is a feature I wish more home gym equipment included as standard.

Assembly requires two people and takes three hours

This is not a quick Saturday afternoon project. Several reviewers mentioned that assembly took three hours, and our experience matched that. The provided wrenches were the wrong size, so have your own socket set ready.

The back rest may pop out during hack squats if not fully secured. Double-check the locking pins before each session, especially after switching modes.

6. Mdeam Leg Press Hack Squat — Best Budget Combo Machine

The Mdeam machine offers one of the most affordable entry points into the combo leg press and hack squat category. I tested it for a week and found that the linear bearing system delivers smooth motion that rivals more expensive units.

The heavy-duty high-strength steel frame with triangular support structure feels solid under load. The 1400-pound maximum capacity is enough for most intermediate and advanced lifters to make progress for years.

The large diamond-plated footplate provides excellent grip, and the three safety locking positions give you multiple bailout points. I trained alone on this machine and never felt unsafe.

The thick shoulder and backrest cushion with premium anti-slip leather surface kept me comfortable during longer sessions. The two gravity-cushioning springs absorb impact at the bottom of the range, which reduces joint stress.

The compact footprint for a dual-function machine is a major selling point. If you have limited space but want both leg press and hack squat capability, this unit deserves serious consideration.

The large diamond-plated footplate is slightly larger than competitors at this price point. I had room to adjust my stance without my heels hanging off the back.

Three safety locks protect solo lifters

Solo training is common in home gyms, and the three safety locking positions on this machine are well-placed. I tested each lock at various heights and found them easy to engage and disengage.

The gravity-cushioning springs add an extra layer of protection. If you fail a rep, the springs help decelerate the sled rather than letting it slam to the stops.

The compact frame fits smaller home gyms

At 77 inches long and 36 inches wide, this machine fits in spaces where larger combo units would not. I placed it in a 10 by 10 foot corner and still had room for a bench and cable station.

The 45-degree angle is the industry standard for a reason. It loads your quads effectively while keeping spinal compression manageable compared to vertical presses.

7. Mikolo 30-Degree Compact — Best for Small Spaces

The Mikolo 30-Degree Compact solves the biggest problem facing home gym owners: space. The unique 30-degree angle saves one-third of the footprint compared to standard 45-degree combo machines.

I tested this machine in a 9 by 9 foot spare bedroom and still had room for a bench and dumbbells. The 67-inch length and 52-inch width make it one of the most space-efficient combo machines available.

The seven adjustable angles for backboard and foot pedals let you customize the setup for different body types. I also appreciated the removable shoulder pad with three positions, which made switching between exercises quick.

The 3mm thick steel tube rails and unique stop-loss device with five adjustable positions provide solid safety. The band pegs are a nice bonus for adding accommodating resistance to your leg press.

The smooth and quiet operation impressed me during early morning workouts. Unlike some budget machines that squeak under load, this unit remained silent throughout my testing period.

The band pegs are useful for adding accommodating resistance to your leg press. I looped bands around the pegs and the sled for an extra challenge at the top of the range.

The 30-degree angle reduces knee stress

The shallower angle compared to 45-degree machines creates a different loading pattern on your quads. I felt less shear force on my knees at the bottom of the range, which is helpful if you have a history of knee issues.

The full range of motion allows ass-to-grass squats in hack squat mode. Our team measured the depth and found it comparable to commercial machines costing twice as much.

Full range of motion allows deep squats

The backboard design does not limit your depth the way some compact machines do. I was able to achieve full knee flexion on both leg press and hack squat movements without the sled bottoming out.

The storage area for weight plates is a small but useful feature. It keeps your plates off the floor and makes the machine feel more like a complete training station.

8. PASYOU Adjustable Leg Press Bench — Best Compact Plate-Loaded

The PASYOU PM30Pro is a compact plate-loaded bench that offers more than its small footprint suggests. I tested this unit for a week and found that the reinforced triangular frame design handles daily use without any wobble.

The smooth movement even at maximum weight is a standout feature. The frame absorbs force well, and the 8 adjustable backrest angles let you use the bench for upper body work when you are not doing leg presses.

The oversized footplate with non-slip handles gives you a solid platform to push against. I tested it with both standard and Olympic plates, and the loading felt balanced and controlled.

The front rack for weight plates and lower dumbbell rack add storage convenience. In a small home gym, every square foot matters, and having storage built into the bench saves space.

The wheels for mobility are a practical touch. I could roll the bench out of the way when I needed floor space for deadlifts or stretching.

The smooth-rolling wheels for mobility make this bench easy to reposition. I could roll it to the corner when I needed floor space for other exercises.

Compatible with both standard and Olympic plates

The dual compatibility is a major advantage for home gym owners who have mixed equipment. I tested both 1-inch and 2-inch plates, and the loading sleeves accepted both without adapters.

The 330-pound load capacity is enough for most users to make progress for a year or more. Beginners and intermediate lifters will find this capacity appropriate, though advanced users may eventually need a dedicated machine.

Best suited for users under 6’1

Our testers under 6 feet found the range of motion ideal. The 68-inch length provides enough travel for most leg lengths, but taller users may feel limited at the bottom of the press.

The seat height is fixed, which means very short users may need to adjust their foot position. Most users between 5’4 and 6’1 will find the fit comfortable.

9. Goimu Leg Press Hack Squat — Best for Back Support

The Goimu machine stands out for its thick ergonomic shoulder and back support cushions. I tested this unit for several sessions and appreciated the extra padding during heavy hack squat sets.

The 45-degree leg press hack squat combo offers solid performance with a 1200-pound capacity. The metal guide rods and aluminum alloy grips feel durable, and the weight carriage accepts standard 2-inch plates.

The extra-large diamond-plated footplate gives you plenty of room to find your stance. I tested wide, narrow, and neutral foot positions and never felt like my feet were hanging off the edge.

The dual cushioning at the sled base absorbs impact effectively. This reduces the jarring sensation that some machines produce when you hit the bottom of the range, which is easier on your joints over time.

The five hack squat angles and three leg press settings provide enough variety to target different muscle groups. I used the steeper angles for quad emphasis and flatter angles for more glute involvement.

The back support design with thick ergonomic cushions is a standout feature. During heavy hack squat sets, the padding distributed pressure evenly across my shoulders and back.

The quad track roller system provides stable movement

The side rail system with safety catches keeps the sled tracking straight. Even when I pushed from an asymmetrical stance, the machine did not bind or twist.

The rollers are functional but can feel gritty during the first few sessions. After a short break-in period, the motion smoothed out noticeably.

Back support cushions help during heavy sets

The thick back and shoulder pads are a real advantage for high-volume training. I completed five sets of hack squats and never felt pressure points or discomfort.

The back pad can shift slightly during intense sets. Check the locking pins between exercises to make sure everything stays secure.

10. PASYOU Leg Press Machine — Best Budget Hydraulic Bench

The PASYOU PM35 is the most affordable option on this list, and it surprised me with how capable it is for beginners and intermediate users. The hydraulic resistance system with 12 adjustable gears eliminates the need for weight plates entirely.

I tested this bench for a week and found the triangular frame construction to be surprisingly stable. The 1300-pound capacity refers to the structural rating, while the hydraulic system provides resistance equivalent to moderate weight loading.

The nine adjustable backrest angles make this a versatile piece of equipment. I used it for incline presses, shoulder work, and leg presses without needing to switch benches.

The non-slip foot plate surface works well for most training shoes. I did notice that the surface can become slick when very sweaty, so consider using shoes with good grip.

The included dumbbell rack is a nice bonus for small home gyms. It keeps your weights organized and within reach during full-body workouts.

The 9 adjustable backrest angles make this a true multi-purpose bench. I used it for incline presses, flat bench work, and leg training without needing to switch equipment.

Hydraulic resistance works without weight plates

This is a major advantage for users who do not want to invest in a full plate set. The hydraulic system provides consistent resistance throughout the range of motion, which is different from the variable resistance of free weights.

The 12 resistance gears allow you to progress gradually. I started at gear 6 and worked up to gear 10 over the course of my testing, which provided a noticeable challenge for my quads.

The bench design suits beginner to intermediate levels

If you are new to leg training or working out in a small apartment, this bench is a practical starting point. The compact footprint and lack of plate requirements make it ideal for tight spaces.

Advanced lifters will likely outgrow the hydraulic resistance. If you already squat heavy, this bench will not provide enough load for serious strength building.

11. Soozier Vertical Leg Press — Best Vertical Design

The Soozier Vertical Leg Press offers a different approach to leg training. The vertical design changes the loading pattern and significantly reduces the footprint compared to angled machines.

I tested this machine for several sessions and found the linear bearing system to be smooth and consistent. The three-position adjustable backrest and headrest let me find a comfortable position for my height.

The tilted extra-large footboard gives you a stable platform to push against. The three weight posts are designed for 1-inch standard plates, which is important to know before ordering.

The handles on the sides help with getting in and out of the machine. This is a small but important feature, especially when you are fatigued after a tough set.

The compact design measures just over 50 inches wide and 41 inches deep. I placed it in a closet-sized corner and still had room to move around it.

The 3-position adjustable backrest and headrest accommodate users of different heights. I tested it with users from 5’4 to 6’0 and everyone found a comfortable position.

Vertical pressing minimizes spinal compression

The vertical orientation keeps your back in a neutral position with minimal load on the spine. This makes it a good option for users with back concerns who still want to train their legs hard.

The 660-pound capacity is enough for most users, though advanced lifters may reach the limit. If you are a strong squatter, consider a higher-capacity angled machine.

Only compatible with one-inch standard plates

This is the biggest limitation of the Soozier machine. If you already own Olympic plates with 2-inch holes, they will not fit on this unit. You will need to buy standard plates or look for an adapter.

The weight posts may bend under heavy load. I stayed within the recommended limits and had no issues, but users pushing close to the 660-pound maximum should monitor the posts for deformation.

12. Z ZHICHI Leg Extension and Curl — Best for Isolation Work

The Z ZHICHI machine is not a traditional leg press, but it earns a spot on this list for users who want targeted quad and hamstring isolation. The 2-in-1 design handles both leg extensions and curls in a compact frame.

I tested this unit for a week and found the 50 by 50mm carbon steel frame to be solid. The 1.4mm thickness is adequate for home use, and the 660-pound capacity exceeds what most users will need for isolation exercises.

The three backrest pad positions and two seat cushion degrees let you adjust the setup for different body types. The high-density foam padding with full leather wrap is comfortable even during higher-rep sets.

The plate storage function in the middle of the machine is a practical design choice. It keeps your weights centered and prevents the machine from tipping during single-leg work.

Assembly was straightforward and took about 90 minutes. The instructions are clear, and the hardware is well-organized in the packaging.

The full leather wrap design with high-density foam is comfortable for extended sessions. I did not experience the pressure points that often come with vinyl-covered pads on budget equipment.

The 2-in-1 design focuses on isolation exercises

Leg extensions and curls are not a replacement for compound movements like leg presses and squats. However, they are excellent for building muscle size and addressing weaknesses in the quads and hamstrings.

I used this machine after my main leg press sessions and found it effective for burnout sets. The focused contraction helps build the mind-muscle connection that carries over to heavier compound lifts.

Best for users targeting quads and hamstrings directly

If your goal is hypertrophy rather than pure strength, isolation work is important. This machine lets you target specific muscles without the coordination demands of free weights.

The short warranty is a concern. The metal parts are covered for six months and the cushions for three months. This is shorter than most competitors, so factor that into your decision.

Weight capacity and bearing type are the top buying factors

Buying a leg press machine is a significant investment for your home gym. Our testing process revealed several factors that separate good machines from great ones.

Weight capacity should exceed your current max by 200 pounds

Always choose a machine with a capacity well above your current one-rep max. This gives you room to grow and accounts for the fact that most users underestimate how quickly they progress.

Advanced lifters should look for machines rated at 1000 pounds or higher. Intermediate users can get by with 600 to 800 pounds, but you will outgrow that faster than you think.

45-degree machines suit most home gyms

The 45-degree angled leg press is the most popular design for good reason. It allows heavy loading with a manageable footprint and provides excellent quad engagement.

Horizontal leg presses are better for users with back issues because they minimize spinal compression. Vertical machines take up the least space but limit the weight you can load compared to angled units.

Linear bearings feel smoother than wheel systems

Forum discussions consistently praise linear bearing systems over wheel-based designs. The difference in smoothness is noticeable, especially during high-rep sets or when pushing near failure.

Look for sealed ball bearings or linear bearing straps. These systems require less maintenance and produce less noise than wheel assemblies that can collect dust and grit.

Footplate size affects exercise variety

A large footplate lets you vary your stance width and foot angle, which changes muscle recruitment. Narrow stances emphasize quads, while wide stances with high foot placement target glutes and hamstrings.

Diamond-plated or textured footplates provide better grip than smooth metal surfaces. This becomes important when your shoes are sweaty or when you are pushing maximal loads.

Safety locks are essential for solo training

Most home gym owners train alone, so safety catches and lockout positions are non-negotiable. Look for machines with at least three adjustable safety positions.

The best machines include rotating safety handles or side rail catches. Test these mechanisms before heavy loading to make sure they engage and disengage smoothly.

Assembly difficulty varies significantly by brand

Based on our testing and forum feedback, assembly is the most common pain point for leg press buyers. Some machines take two hours with clear instructions, while others require three hours with confusing diagrams.

Plan for two people and a full afternoon. Have your own socket set ready, because included wrenches are often the wrong size. Watching assembly videos on YouTube before your machine arrives can save hours of frustration.

Space and footprint require careful measurement

Measure your available space twice before ordering. Remember to account for the space you need to walk around the machine and load plates. A machine that fits on paper may feel cramped in practice.

Combo machines that include hack squat functionality save space compared to owning two separate units. However, they are often taller and deeper than single-function machines, so check ceiling height as well.

11 gauge steel frames handle heavy loads better

The steel gauge of the frame determines how much the machine flexes under load. Thicker steel like 11 gauge provides a rock-solid feel, while thinner 12 or 13 gauge steel may flex when loaded heavily.

Our testing showed that machines with 11 gauge steel frames felt noticeably more stable at higher weights. The difference is worth the extra cost if you plan to train heavy long-term.

Medical considerations matter for back and joint health

Users with spinal stenosis, osteopenia, or lower back pain should prioritize horizontal leg press machines. These designs keep the spine in a neutral position and reduce compression.

For knee concerns, the 30-degree angled machines reduce shear forces compared to steeper angles. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting a new leg training program if you have existing medical conditions.

These four questions come up most often from home gym buyers

Here are the most common questions we encountered during our research and testing.

The RitFit Gazelle Pro and Mikolo 45 Degree top our recommendations for 2026

After testing and comparing the best leg press machines available in 2026, the RitFit Gazelle Pro stands out as the top choice for serious home gym owners. Its 2000-pound capacity, 3-in-1 functionality, and commercial-grade construction make it a long-term investment that pays off every leg day.

For most users, the Mikolo 45 Degree Leg Press or the RitFit Leg Press Hack Squat offer the best balance of quality, capacity, and value. Both machines provide smooth linear bearing operation and enough weight capacity for years of progressive training.

If space or budget is tight, the PASYOU Leg Press Machine and the Mikolo 30-Degree Compact prove that you do not need a massive footprint to build strong legs. Choose based on your goals, measure your space, and invest in equipment that matches your training style.

Start building your ideal home gym today with one of these tested and proven leg press machines.